Colonoscopy 101: What to Know About This Lifesaving Screening

Have You Had Your Colonoscopy?

If you’re 45 or older, you’ve likely heard this question from a doctor, a family member or a health-conscious friend. More than 50,000 people die from colon cancer each year in the United States, and the disease often has no early symptoms. That’s why most people should talk with their health care provider about a colonoscopy once they reach age 45.

March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, making it the perfect time to learn about this lifesaving screening. Even if your first colonoscopy is years away, understanding the procedure now can help you prepare when the time comes.

What Is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a screening in which a doctor uses a flexible scope with a camera to examine the inside of the large intestine for colon cancer, polyps and other abnormalities. While some colorectal screenings detect signs of cancer through blood or stool samples, a colonoscopy provides a direct visual exam, making it the most accurate and effective way to identify issues.

If precancerous polyps are found, they can be removed during the procedure, potentially preventing colorectal cancer from developing.

Why Is a Colonoscopy Important?

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. About one in 23 men and one in 26 women will develop colorectal cancer in their lifetime.

Your risk may be higher if you have:

• A family history of colorectal cancer
• A sedentary lifestyle or an unhealthy diet
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• A personal history of polyps or previous colorectal cancer

Because early detection is critical, a colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It’s also a preventive measure, as removing precancerous tissue can stop cancer before it starts.

When Should You Get a Colonoscopy?

• At age 45 for average-risk individuals
• Earlier and more frequently if you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors
• Immediately if you experience symptoms such as unexplained rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain or changes in bowel habits
• Every 10 years if your results are normal, or more often if polyps or abnormalities are found

What to Expect From Your Colonoscopy

Many people worry about preparing for a colonoscopy, but recent advances in medications have made the process easier and more comfortable than ever before.

Before the Procedure

1. Bowel prep—your doctor will prescribe a laxative solution to clear your colon. You’ll also be on a liquid diet for about 24 hours before the procedure
2. Hydration—drink plenty of clear fluids to stay hydrated
3. Arrange transportation—because you’ll be sedated, you’ll need someone to drive you home

During the Procedure

1. A sedative will help you relax and prevent discomfort
2. A thin, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum
3. Your doctor will look for polyps and remove any abnormal tissue for testing

After the Procedure

1. You may feel groggy from the sedation
2. Some mild bloating or gas is normal
3. Most people resume normal activities the next day

Take Charge of Your Colon Health

A colonoscopy can save your life by detecting and preventing colorectal cancer. If you’re 45 or older and haven’t scheduled yours, now is the time to talk to your doctor.

Take our free colon health assessment here. If you’d like to speak with a provider about scheduling a colonoscopy, UP Health System can help. Call 844-411-UPHS (8747) or visit the Find a Provider link on our website to schedule an appointment today.